correlation

[OED]: 1. c. In Statistics, an interdependence of two or more variable quantities such that a change in the value of one is associated with a change in the value or the expectation of the others.

correlation

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Source: 
Golledge (1995)
Where interpoint distance and magnitudes are considered, then the concept of correlation occurs. Although not widely recognized as such in geography, correlation is a distance statistic.  It is a measure that shows the degree to which related things are found close to ("or similar to") each other.
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